![]() BIISS has been demonstrated to affect 10–19% of high school students ( Lee et al., 2012 Pallesen et al., 2011). One review paper examined the wide range of findings and concluded that insomnia symptoms are estimated to be 30%, while clinical diagnoses of insomnia disorder are estimated at 5–10% of the population ( Mai & Buysse, 2008). Though insomnia is likely common in college, prevalence estimates vary considerably, from 14% to 47%, depending on diagnostic criteria ( Gress-Smith, Roubinov, Andreotti, Compas, & Luecken, 2015). These environmental and biological factors may contribute to insomnia or BIISS, both of which are assumed to be prevalent in college. Moreover, college introduces unique environmental risk factors including new peer groups, more rigorous academic responsibilities, louder sleep environments, homesickness, and increased substance use ( Taylor, Bramoweth, Grieser, Tatum, & Roane, 2013). College students have recently undergone puberty-linked biological changes, including a preference for delayed sleep and wake times that make it difficult to obtain adequate sleep duration ( Carskadon, Acebo, & Seifer, 2001 Crowley, Acebo, & Carskadon, 2007). The convergence of biological and environmental changes associated with adolescence and emerging adulthood contribute to college students’ increased vulnerability for sleep difficulties ( Baglioni, Battagliese, & Feige, 2011). ![]() Notably, BIISS differs from insomnia in that sleep restriction is voluntary, quality is normal, and there are no difficulties with onset or maintenance. The American Academy of Sleep Medicine recommends 6.5 hr or less as a sleep duration cutoff for insomnia, and previous studies have used less than 7 hr as a cutoff for BIISS ( Schutte-Rodin et al., 2008 Lee, Cho, Cho, & Kim, 2012 Pallensen et al., 2011). BIISS is characterized by volitional short sleep duration accompanied by daytime sleepiness ( Schutte-Rodin, Broch, Buysse, Dorsey, & Sateia, 2008 World Health Organization, 1992). Insomnia disorder is defined as difficulty with sleep onset, duration, maintenance, or quality despite adequate opportunity ( World Health Organization, 1992). Insomnia disorder (“insomnia”) and behaviorally induced insufficient sleep syndrome (BIISS) represent distinct, mutually exclusive sleep disturbances ( World Health Organization, 1992). College students are at increased risk for sleep problems and depressed mood, which are both associated with considerable negative consequences.
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